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Modern Bulgarian Culture
In the period between the two world wars the Bulgarian culture sought its roots again after it had been carried away by some modern European tendencies. There appeared the themes of the country people, the life in the town, the everyday life and the feelings of the Bulgarian. This was also a period of the development of science. The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences was founded. It attracted a myriad of scientists who specialised in Europe and the USA and with their research contributed to the development of the academic thought in Bulgaria. For a long period of time the only higher educational establishment in Bulgaria was the Sofia University. The high quality of education was beyond doubt, the Professors possessed exceptional erudition. The names of the writers Yordan Yovkov and Elin Pelin, the poets Nikola Vaptsarov and Elisaveta Bagryana, the playwrights Kostov and Stoyanov, the artists Vladimir Dimitrov Maistora and Kiril Tsonev, the sculptor Nikola Funev, the stage directors Surchadzhiev and Danovski, etc., are but a few among the names in the treasury of Bulgarian culture. The buildings in Secession style gave way to the Bauhaus style, the city layouts became more similar to those of the West European countries, there appeared the typical cafes, cultural venues, cinemas, theatres, museums and libraries. Mihail Arnaoudov, Konstantin Zagorov and Ivan Hadzhiiski wrote some brilliant works based on their collections and analyses of our folklore. The period after World War II was marked by the so-called “socialist realism”. Some of its typical features were its heroic, ideological and demonstrative character as well as its shallowness of subject. In a positive sense it led to the accumulation of great resources in possession of the state, which used them for the development of culture. A number of significant works appeared in all its spheres. The pantomime, the puppet theatres and pop music developed and the Bulgarian circus gained world-wide recognition. Amateur culture was also on the rise and Bulgaria became a republic of amateur activities such as folk competitions and festivals, etc. Bulgarian folklore was proclaimed a national treasure. The opera school was highly appreciated and the opera singers Boris Hristov, Nikolai Guyaourov, Raina Kabaivanska and Gena Dimitrova are still one of the top singers in the world and their names may be seen on the posters of La Scalla in Milan and the New York Metropolitan Opera. Sports and tourism also developed during that period. Tthe country had very good sports clubs in some sports. Bulgarian sportsmen won gold medals at Olympic, World and European Championships. The best represented sports were weight lifting, wrestling, track-and-field events, rhythmic gymnastics, shooting and mountaineering. After 10th November 1989 all ideological barriers in culture were eliminated. The freedom and the lack of censorship have given a new impetus to the development of culture. Today Bulgarian creators may travel all over the world and make Bulgaria popular even in the remotest parts of the world. “The Mystery of the Bulgarian Voices”, The Children’s Choir of the Bulgarian Radio, the National Opera are part of our cultural identity. Cristo, Georgi Markov, Milcho Leviev and Eddy Kazassyan are no more dissidents but a few of the best representatives of our cultural identity, our face to the world. Pop music and jazz also have their new names. Simeon Shterev, Lyubomir Denev and Teodosii Spasov are well known to the world musical elite. Stefan Danailov is one of the stars of European cinematography. Dimiter Gochev, Alexander Morphov and Teddy Moskov belong to the new wave of top European theatre producers. The Bulgarian press, radio and television are both state-owned and private. There are about 15 daily and more than 30 weekly newspapers published in Bulgaria, and a lot of other periodicals. The national radio broadcasts its programmes on three wavelengths – MW, SW and FW and practically all the Bulgarian towns have private radio stations. Along with the Bulgarian National Television and bTV there are private cable TV channels covering the whole country. There are also a great number of video clubs. There are museums of history, schools, high schools, cultural centres and libraries in any Bulgarian town. Cinemas are everywhere. There are theatres in some of the bigger cities. Few of them are state-owned, greater part of them are owned by the municipalities. A number of private theatres appeared, too. There is a national circus and a lot of private circus troupes; as well as puppet theatres, opera houses, ballets, pantomime troupes, café-theatres, variety shows and night clubs, music clubs, etc. The preservation of the unique Bulgarian culture is one of the problems of our times. Typical for Bulgarian folk music, for example, are the irregular rhythms, treble singing, two-part and three-part singing. The great task before the modern artists is to turn back to Bulgarian cultural roots, to study and re-create different themes from our over a thousand years old cultural treasury. This is the way to the Promised Land of the well-preserved national spirit, which to show the world the real Bulgaria – a land of an ancient, creative people of dignity. |
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