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Cultural Tourism in Bulgaria
· The Koukeri Carnival in the region of Pernik and Doupnitsa (January) · The Festival of Roses in Kazanlak (May) · The festival for authentic folklore in Koprivshtitsa (May-June) · The folk festivals in Bourgas and Varna (August) · The Festival of the Sea in Balchik and Sozopol (August); · Festival of Dunov’s followers at the Seven Rila Lakes (the second half of August) · “Pirin Sings” Folk Festival (August) and · “Rozhen Sings” Folk Festival (September); · The festival at the Krustova Gora (Forest of the Cross) (14th September) · The Christmas festivities in the Balkan villages and towns (December-January) · The Days of the different monasteries after the names of their patron saints according to the religious calendar · Easter (in all churches and monasteries), with especially imposing ceremonies in the Alexander Nevski Cathedral in Sofia and at the Rila Monastery · The local folk dancing and singing festivals, etc. Most tourist agencies have included in their packages some of the above-mentioned cultural events and the foreign visitors could get a “live” idea of the authentic culture of Bulgarians. The national folk costumes and musical instruments are very interesting and unique. Some of the most popular nosii (costumes) are the so-called “white outfits”, “black outfits”, the costumes from the Thracian, Rhodope and Vidin regions, etc. The folk costumes worn on different holidays are extremely varied. Among the most picturesque are the costumes of the Koukeri, Lazarki, the fire-dancers, etc., Most of these are on display in the ethnographic museums countrywide. Traditional Bulgarian musical instruments with original sounding are the gaida (bagpipe), kaval (shepherd’s pipe), gudoulka (rebec), tupun (specific drums), gousla (a kind of mandolin), dvoyanka (double rebec), brumbuzuk (small pipe), chans and tyumbeleks (sheep’s bells). One can find audio, video-cassettes and CDs with recordings of Bulgarian folk music, the phenomenal Bulgarian folk singers and ensembles, who make Bulgaria popular all over the world.
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The sights of particular interest include the famous Karanovska Mound near Nova Zagora, as well as the incredible drawings on the walls of the Magoura Cave (the Rabisha Cave). There are remains from Palaeolithic cultures in several caves in the Stara Planina Mountain and the Rhodope Mountains, while traces of Neolithic and Palaeolithic cultures by the sea are preserved in the areas of Cape Kaliakra to the north along the coast to the southern town of Ahtopol. Most of the remains are indicative of high level masterful use materials such as clay, kaolin, stone, wood, bronze and iron. The remains of pottery and other household ware dating back to the late Palaeolithic and the early Neolithic Ages found near Nova Zagora are extremely interesting and unique. This is the reason why the Karanovska Mound was called “the Noah’s Ark” of European civilisation as it exhibits seven consecutive archaeological cultural layers. There are some of the first signs of the future archaic Mediterranean...
The invasion of the Slavs and the ancient Bulgarians, alongside the foundation of Bulgaria, brought about some new tendencies in the cultural development of the country. The Bulgarians introduced a new symbol system of writing (tamgova). The Old Greek letters were rarely used, mainly in bilingual chronicles and texts concerning the wars between the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) and Bulgaria. These texts can be deciphered only partially because of the lack of sufficient lexical sources, bilingual texts and the lack of a good systematic order in the writings. Most of them are petroglyphs, preserved on stone. Part of the symbols may also be found on the bottoms of pottery and on terra cotta tiles, while others have been preserved on papyrus and parchment manuscripts from Byzantium, in Arabian scrolls, on cult plate and warriors’ accoutrements. Numerous ceremonial and sanctuary accessories used by the ancient Bulgarians were found, as well as calendar devices. Many legends, songs and...
The literary work of this period is remarkable. Presviter Kozma and Patriarch Evtimii are two of the most prominent men of letters and clerical leaders of Bulgarian people. A great number of religious songs written in symbols (writing notes without the note lines), which now comprise part of the church choirs repertoire, have been preserved to this day and have made Bulgaria world famous. Some ancient marginalias (notes in the margins of old-printed books) and transcripts of the Holy Book are famous exhibits in museums all over the world, the most well known of which is the Tetraevangelia of Tzar Ivan Alexander exhibited in the British Museum in London. It is a real piece of art containing superb calligraphic letters, title letters with incredibly beautiful ornaments and drawings in the margins that equal the best of their kind in the world. After the invasion of the Ottoman Turks Bulgaria’s culture went on the decline. Many mosques and buildings in Oriental style were constructed...
After the liberation of the country from Ottoman domination the potential of the national culture sprung and many talented Bulgarians appeared in all of its spheres. In terms of literature there should be mentioned the names of Ivan Vazov, Aleko Konstantinov, Pencho Slaveikov and Zahari Stoyanov. In painting, the foreigners Vereshchagin and Mrkvichka started the realistic school in the Bulgarian fine arts. Bulgaria turned to the European countries and borrowed as much as possible from their culture, trying to make up for what it had lost in the previous few centuries. Geo Milev, Yavorov, Rakitin and Liliev are representatives of symbolism, impressionism and expressionism in literature; Nickolai Rainov, Boris Georgiev, Sirak Skitnik and Ivan Milev in painting, Andrei Nikolov in sculpture; Panayot Pip-kov and Pancho Vladigerov in music. All of them belonged to European cultural elite. That was the time when the Bulgarian cinematography was born, represented by Vassil and Zhana Gendov....|
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